Vertebrae

Usually, a vertebral bone (vértebra) consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and processes óseos specials that arise from the arch.

The body of each vertebra comprises the front of each vértebra.

The vertebral arch are you a cípartial rclude of bone that está attached to the back of the body; that consists of the pedíasses and láminas (parts of the véimportant vertebrae for certain surgical proceduresúrgicos).

The vertebral body and vertebral arch complete a círclude to form the spinal canal, a través of which the méspinal game and the spinal nerves pass.

The processes óseos specialized derivatives of the bow include an apóespinosa physis, two apótransverse physises and four articular facets (joint processes).

Throughout the spine, the tamaño and the shape of the vertebral parts differ to accommodate the functionóno of that regionón the spine in particular.

In the neck, the vértebras cervicales they have appóshort spinous physises and transverse processes have a special channel (transverse hole) for blood vesselsíneos that pass to the brain.

Of the first two vértebras cervicales:

• The Atlas (C1), that supports the head, it has no vertebral body. It is the jointón top of the atlas with the cráneo allowing the head to nodía, as when it says “sí”.
• The Axis (C2) has a projectionón vertically úsingle call apófisis odontoides o diente, what an actúas a pivot for rotationón of the atlas and the cráneo, as when a person turns his head to each side to indicate the word “no”.

the positionóNo of the facet joints in the vértebras torácicas permite la rotationón Significant spinal damage in this región, how can iíto be used during a swing golf, but the long apófisis espinosa of is vévertebrae, además of the tor boxácat, actústill limiting the range of motion in the middle back.

The vélumbar vertebrae occupy one third of the entire spine, are characterized by their greater volume and the lack of transverse foramen.

Actúyet to block almost all of the rotationóno in the lower back. This helps protect the lumbar discs., what can be dañby rotationón.

La orientationón of the lumbar facets, Nevertheless, allows a lot of forward (flexión) and backás (extensionón). The appóspiny physises of the lumbar spine are short and stout, and the bodies of the vertebrae are more and moreás large to support weight gain from above.

The normal spine is shaped like a ” S “ (like the curve when viewed from the side). This allows a distributionón uniform weight.

The curve in the form of “S” helps to have a healthy spine and withstand all kinds of stressés.

The cervical spine curves slightly inward, the tórax slightly out, and the lumbar vertebrae slightly inward.

Even though the porcióThe lower part of the spine bears most of the weight of the body, each segment relies on the strength of the others to function properly.

Cervical vertebrae (Neck)

The cervical vertebrae make up the first seven vévertebrae in the spine.

They start just below the cráneo and terminate just above the tor vertebraeácicas. The cervical vertebrae have a lord curveótica, which has a recoil in the form of “C”, like the lower back.

The cervical vertebrae they are much más móvile than the other two regions of the spinal column. Think in all directions and áangles you can turn your neck.

Unlike the rest of the spine, there are special openings in each vévertebra of the cervical zone for the arteries (large blood vesselsíNeos that carry blood from the heartón).

The arteries that pass throughés of these openings carry blood to the brain.

Dos vévertebrae of the cervical spine, the atlas and axis, differ from the other vévertebrae as it isáno designñadas specíficamente para la rotationón.

These two vévertebrae are the rootóso that your neck can move in many directions.

The atlas

It is the first vértebra cervical, which is located between the cráneo and the rest of the spine.

The atlas does not have a vertebral body, but it has a thick front arch (anterior) and a rear (posterior) of the thin arch, with two prominent masses on the side.

The atlas sits on top of the second vértebra cervical, the Axis.

The Axis

It has a bony protrusion called an apóodontoid physis, which joins upwards throughés from the hole in the atlas.

The ligaments Special features between the atlas and the axis allow a large amount of rotation.ón.

It is this dispositionón especial, allowing the head to be tilted from side to side as much as possible.

The cervical spine is very flexible, but alsoén have a higher risk of injury from sudden forceful movements, such as injuries from whiplash.

This high risk ofñor is it due to the limited muscular support that exists in the área cervical, and the fact that éThis part of the spine has to support the weight of the head. – an average of 7 kilos-.

This is a lot of weight to carry, for a small groupño and thin bone and soft tissue. Sudden strong movements of the head can cause damage.ños.

thor vertebraeácicas (Mid back)

thor columnácica isá formed by the 12 vévertebrae in the middle of the back.

It is vévertebrae connect to the ribs and form part of the posterior wall of tórax (the átor box areaácica between the neck and the diaphragm).

The curve  What do thor vertebrae make up?ácycas is cifótica, has a curve in the shape of “C” with the front opening (the chest).

This part of the spine has very narrow and thin intervertebral discs.

The connections with the ribs and discs májust smallños of the thor columnácica limit the amount of movement of the spine to the mid backás in comparisonón with the lumbar area or the cervical area of ​​the spine.

Spaghettién there is less space inside the spinal canal.

Lumbar vertebrae (Lower back)

The part más lower spine isá made up of the lumbar vertebrae.

Anterolisthesis is a disorder that occurs in the spine and is characterized by the dislocation of at least one of the vertebrae in relation to another área usually has five vévertebrae. Nevertheless, sometimes people are born with a sixth vértebra in the regionón lumbar.

The base of the column (called the sacrum) is a group of véspecialized vertebrae that connect the spine to the pelvis.

When one of the bones forms something like a vértebra (that más well it is part of the sacrum), it is called vétransici vertebraeóon friday.

This conditionón is not dangerous and does not appear to have anyúno serious side effect.

The shape of the lumbar spine has a setback of “C ” lord curve shapeótica.

If you think of the spine in the shape of a ” S “, to the kingsón lumbar to beíto the bottom of the “S”. The Vévertebrae of the lower back are the más large of the entire spine.

The lumbar spinal canal it is alsoén greater than in the cervical and thoral partsávertebral column cica. the tamañor the lumbar spine allows más nerve space to move.

The lumbar pain it is a very common complaintúnot for a reasonón simple. Since the lumbar spine isá connected to the pelvis, which is where most of your weight load is transferred and body movement takes place.

Normally, this is an area where people tend to put a lot of pressureón, as when lifting a heavy box for example, twistedégetting ready to move a heavy load, or carrying a heavy object.

These activities can cause repetitive injuries that can lead to injury.ños in the parts of the lumbar vertebrae.