The muscles that are in the posterior neck

The Múneck muscles are those that cover the regionóno. of neck. These are mainly in charge of the movements of the head in all directions and consist of 3 main groups according to their positionónot on the neck: múanterior teeth, múlateral muscles and múthe hindquarters. The neck musculature is subdivided into groups más specístays based on several charactersídetermining factors, including depth, locationón exact and functionón.

the positionón of a múI'm the group of múmuscles in the neck is usually related to its functionsón. For instance, the Múposterior muscles are responsible for the extensionóno of the neck. The Múneck musclesán closely related to an important númere structures that pass between the tórax and head, including great vessels, nerves and systems structures respiratory and gastrointestinal.

Index

Múanterior neck muscles

The Múanterior neck muscles are a group of músicles covering the anterior aspect of the neck. East án divided into three subgroups:

  • The músuperficial muscles are the músculos más of the anterior neck and include the platysma and the externalcleidomastoid.
  • The músuprahyoid centuries, as its name indicates, They lie superior to the hyoid bone and include the múfuck youástrich, my idea, geniohyoid and stylohyoid.
  • The múinfrahyoid centuries They lie inferior to the hyoid bone and include the músternohyoid centuries, omohioideo, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid.

Músuperficial muscles

Múscullo platisma

The platysma is a mús-shaped centuryábana that is inside the subcut tissueáneo of the front neck, superficial to the lásuperficial mine of the deep cervical fascia. It originates from the skin and fascia covering the regiókey no.íbutt, and runs superiorly along the neck. The platysma has numerous points of insertion.ón, including the mandíopen, porcini skinólower face, the lower lip and the corners of the mouth.

El platisma isá innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve (VII cranial hair), and supplied by the submental branch of the facial artery and the suprascapular branch of the thyrocervical trunk.

Thanks to its insertionón direct on the skin of the porciólower face, the platysma it works mainly as a múget off the expressionón facial. For instance, contributes to the expressionón sadness when pulling down on the corners of the mouth.

Músternocleidomastoid sculus

The sternocleidomastoid is a múlarge, two-headed muscle found on the neck. They are clavicular head originates from the middle third of the keyíbutt, while his sternal head arises from the handlebar esternón. These heads unite and ascend diagonally to insert on the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

The músternocleidomastoid sculusá innervated for him accessory nerve (XI cranial pair) and by the anterior branches of the spinal nerves C2 and C3. They are irrigatedón comes from branches of the occipital arteries, auricular posterior, superior and suprascapular thyroid.

The functionón of the sternocleidomastoid depends on whether the múget up actúby itselfí alone or in conjunction with its contralateral counterpart:

  • The contradictón unilateral produce flexión lateral neck on the same side (ipsilateral) y rotationón side of head to opposite side (contralateral).
  • The contradictón bilateral of the músternocleidomastoid sculi produces flexióno of the neck, bringing head to chest. When the head and neck areáno fixed, the sternocleidomastoids alsoécan not elevate the sternumón and nailed themínaughty, thereby expanding the tor cavityácycle during the inspirationópulmonary n forced.

Músuprahyoid centuries

m axisúsuprahyoid sicles are four múmuscles located superior to the hyoid bone. They connect the hyoid bone with the mandíbulla and the base of the cráneo and form the floor of the oral cavity. These músculi include the digástrich, my idea, genius idea and stylohyoid.

Generally, the functionómain n of these múmuscles is the positioning of the hyoid bone and the coordinationóof movements of the floor of the mouth and the hyoid bone during swallowingóno vocalizationón.

Múscullo digástrich

The múscullo digástrico is a músmall centuryñor situated below the mandíbulla extending from the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the mentalón. It is múit is a scullioná composed of a posterior and anterior belly, connected throughés of a tendóno intermediate, which represents your insertion pointón howún.

  • The posterior belly originates from the medial aspect of the mastoid notch, a deep groove found in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
  • The anterior belly rises from the dig pitádamage to the lower side of the mandíopen.

The two muscle bellies travel to the hyoid bone and connect throughés del tendómiddle n of múscullo digástrich, a band of fibrous tissue that isá anchored to the superior aspect of the body of the hyoid bone.

The múscullo digástrico has a innervateón dual. The anterior belly isá innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, while the posterior belly receives its innervationóNo of the bouquet digáfacial nerve stricus. The irrigatedón of múscullo digástricus derives from the submental branch of the facial artery and the posterior auricular and occipital arteries.

The functionsón of múscullo digástrico depends on your point of actionón.

  • And at the mandíbula isá fixed and the múit is a scullioná acting from below, cause one elevationón of the hyoid bone and larynx. This results in the closure of the epiglottis preventing the entry of the food bolus into the tráthat during swallowingón.
  • If the hyoid bone isá fixed and the múget up actúto from above, leads to depressionón of the orderíopen, helping to open the mouth.

Múmylohyoid century

The mylohyoid is a mús-shaped centuryábana that is responsible for forming most of the floor of the mouth. Originated from theímylohyoid nea on the inner face of the mandibleíbulla and inserts into the mylohyoid raphe and into the superior aspect of the body of the hyoid bone.

The múis the mylohyoid boneá innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, originates from the inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular nerve (V3). They are irrigatedón derives from the sublingual arteries, alveolar inferior y submentoniana.

Así like the múscullo digástrich, the functionsón of the mylohyoid depends on its point of actionón:

  • And at the mandíbula isá fixed: the mylohyoid raises the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth, what helps in swallowingón by pressing the tongue against the hard palate.
  • If the hyoid bone isá permanent: the múcentury depressed the orderíbulla and assists in the opening of the mouth.