Spondylolysis is a crack or fracture in one of the vévertebrae that make up the vertebral column. La lesión occurs more frequently in niñChildren and adolescents who participate in sports that involve stressés repeated on the lower back, like gymnastics, fútbol and weightlifting.
Spondylolysis developsúmainly in the ages of 10 a 15 años. The biggestía of adolescents with spondylolysis do not present síntomas, or it manifests very mild, this is why they are often overlooked.
It is abnormalía is often seen in athletes and rarely seen in people who are not actively involved in sports, although some studies differ from it. It is believed that approximately 3% a 7% of the populationón usually has spondylolysis.
Index
Characterísymptoms of spondylolysis
Spondylolysis is subdivided into five categoriesías: displásica, ístmica, degenerative, dreamáethics and pathologyógica, each of which represents considerations and characteríDifferent Stics for All Healthcare Providers.
- The conditions displásicas imply anomalousías congéstrength (dimmed parts).
- breaks íisthmic injuries are injuries resulting from stress fracturesés or acute fractures.
- Degenerative conditions areán related to segmental instability and alterations of articular processes, due to degenerationónumber of intervertebral discs.
- The spondylolysis traumaátic is the result of acute fractures in various áareas of the neural arch.
- The pathological conditionsógics involve various diseases óseas, tumors or infections and their complications.
Sísymptoms of spondylolysis
In many cases, patients with spondylolysis do not present síobvious symptoms. The conditions may not even be discovered until an x-ray is taken.íto save a lesióin the conditionón unrelated. When the sísymptoms occur, it's likeún feel pain in the lower back, limiting the patient's activity level.
This pain can manifest itself in different ways:
- It feels similar to a tensionón muscular.
- It can irradiate up to the glútheos and the back of the thighs.
- Worse with activity and improve with rest.
Pain onset is sharp or gradual, afteréwith de una rotationóno extendedón lumbar spine. Some patients tooén may report a recent or past history of local trauma.
Pain restricts daily activities. The síntomas títypically worsen acutely afterés about a particular stressful event.
Diagnóspondylolysis stico
Whenever an athlete (especially a young athlete in the age group of 10 a 15 años) experience back pain after a traumatic eventático, spondylolysis should be considered as a potential cause of pain.
Típicically, the spondylolysis symptomátics involves a complaint of focal low back pain, although the pain tooén can spread to other lower areas of the body.
Spondylolysis is the cause más común of spondylolisthesis ístmica, in which one vertebral body slides forward over another.
Identify the lesionón a través of the cases of dédoes neurolómake the pairálysis are extremely rare, and for the most part it is not a conditionónot dangerous.
The radiographsísimple ace with posteroanterior views (P – A), lateral and oblique have proven to be very úuseful in diagnosisóinitial symptoms of low back pain, but studies by imágenes like tomographyíto computerized (TC) and the magnetic resonanceética (MRI) son más sensitive to establish a good diagnosisóstico
Causes of spondylolysis
Spondylolysis is the result of a weakness in a sectionóno of the vévertebra called the pars interarticularis, the thin piece of bone that connects the upper and lower segments of the facet joints.
Facet joints join the vévertebrae directly above and below to form a working unit that allows movement of the spine.
The exact cause of pars interarticularis weakness is unknown.. a theoryía points to the geneética (inheritance) as a factor, suggesting that some people are born with véthin vertebrae and are prone to increased risk of fractures.
Another theoría suggests that repetitive trauma to the lower back may weaken the pars interarticularis.
Treatment for spondylolysis
There are several treatment options available. The surgical treatmentúrgic Eastá indicated sóit in symptomatic casesátics when the m failéall conservative. Spaghettién highlights the fact that studies of imáearly genes and múmultiple may have a role in the diagnosisóStatic of lesions of the pars interarticularis and the selectionóNo of approaches óoptimal treatment.
Initial treatment for spondylolysis is always conservative., there isá aimed at reducing pain and restoring function to the personón normal. The affected person should take a break from sports and other activities until the pain subsides.
An over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory may be recommended, like ibuprofen, to help reduce pain and inflammationón (irritationón e swellingón). Medications can be prescribedás strong if the others do not provide relief. An exercise program or therapy física helpá to increase movement without pain, improve flexibility and muscle strength.
In cases más severe spondylolysis, an orthopedic support can be usedémedical to help stabilize the lower back as the fracture heals. Steroid injections (facial joint injections or medial branch injections / dorsal ramus can be used más comúmind that epidural injections for this problem) spaghettiéThey can help reduce inflammationón and ease the pain.
Once pain levels are controlled, pulsed ultrasound can be started and isom contractionséapplied tricaséuticas of the surrounding musculature to promote blood flowíadditional neo, increasing the productionón of colágene in the injured part. In this way, the healing processón tambiéit's not easy.
Preventionón
Even though spondylolysis cannot be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of fractures. seek attentionón métell if you suffer an injuryón in the back or if you have significant lower back pain.
Early treatment of spondylolysis often results in the best results. Keep the back and the múStrong abdominal muscles can help support the lower back and prevent future stress fractures.és.
If you have spondylolysis, It is important to choose activities and sports that do not put the lower back at risk of injury.ón. swimmingón and cycling are possible options.