Spinal column, spaghettién howúcommonly called the backbone, Eastá composed mainly of the vévertebrae, the records and the méspinal game. Actúas a conduit of communicationón for the brain, of the señales that are transmitted and received throughés of the méspinal game.
When an injury occursón in the méspinal cord the flow of informationón from that point down stops. This break in the instructions to the arms, legs and other parts of the body avoidá make the person move, breathe (in some cases) and obstructs or stops any sense of sensationóno touch.
Parts of the spine
- Cervical / C 1-7
- Torácat / T 1 – 12
- Lumbar / L 1-5
- Sacred
- Coxígea
The méspinal cord is a bundle of cénerve cells and attached fibers extending down from the brain stem to the lower back. The méspinal cordá protected by a kind of túbone nel composed of vértebra that isán separated by membranes called discs. The brain sendsíand withñales theétravés of the méspinal game, giving instructions to the legs, the arms and others áareas of the body.
The Vévertebrae
There are 33 vévertebrae that form the structure of the bones of the spine, with the semifinals merging to form the tailbone.
Discos
every véIt is the backboneá separated by a soft bone substance, called a disco, what an actústill like a cojín and a stamp at the same time. Outside they are resistant, inside they have a líwhy más soft gel type, the discs sitúyear between each vértebra. Think of them as neumáticos for autoóside vile, filled with a thick gel. When your car drives through a pothole, el neumárubber butt helps a bit to absorb the shock. In the same way, every time we move, spinal discs change shape in relation toóno with movement. Like so many structures in the body, discs are multifunctional. They are shock absorbers, connect and protect vertebral bones.
ANATOMYÍA ÓSEA
Cervical spine
There are seven bones or vértebras cervicales. The cervical bones areáno designñbeaded to allow flexión, extensionón, and turn my head. These are májust smallñthose who give themás vévertebrae, así allow a greater amount of movement.
every vécervical vertebra consists of two parts, a body and a protection archón for the méspinal cord called the neural arch. every vévertebra articulates with the upper and lower.
thor columnácat
in the regionóNo of the chest, thor columnácica is attached to the ribs. There are 12 vévertebrae in the regionón torácat.
The spinal canal in the región torácica is relatively májust smallñor that the ácervical or lumbar areas. This makes the méspinal cord in the thoracic areaácica is at increased risk if there is a fracture.
The movement that occurs in the thoracic columnácica is mainly rotación. The ribs prevent flexión to the side. a little oneñThe amount of movement occurs in flexionón forwards and backwardsás.
Lumbosacral spine
The Vélumbar vertebrae are large, wide and thick. there are five vévertebrae of the lumbar spine. At vértebra lumbar más baja, L5, articulates with the sacrum, and the sacrum joins the pelvis.
The main movements of the lower back are bending forward and reaching backward.ás. Spaghettiéno flexi occursóno sideways.
NEUROANATOMIA
Like the spinal column it is divided into regions: cervical, torácica and lumbar, spaghettién does the méspinal game. each portionón of the méspinal cord is divided into neuronal segmentsóspecial magicíwe stay.
The mécervical spinal cord is divided into eight levels. Each level contributes to different functions in the neck and arms. Body sensations are similarly carried from the skin and other parts of the body from the neck, shoulders and arms to the brain.
in the regionón torácica of the nerves of the méspinal cord supply support to the múchest muscles in respirationóno and the cough. This regionón también contains the nerves in the symp nervous systemático.
In the lumbosacral area, the méspinal cord and nerves correspond to the legs, pelvis and intestines and bladder. Feet sensations, the legs, the pelvis and lower abdomen are transmitted throughés of the nerves and the mélumbosacral spinal cord to major segments and, Finally, to the brain.
Víso nervous
there are many víthe nerves that transmitñales from top to bottom of the méspinal game. Some provide sensationón from the skin to other parts of the body. Others provide sensationón from structures más deep such as the óorgans in the abdomen, the pelvis or others áreas. Other nerves transmitñales from the brain to the body. And others work at the level of the méspinal cord and actúeven as intermediaries in the transmission processón of the señal.
Víace sensory
The sensations from the body, such as heat, fríO, pain, and touch, are transmitted through the skin and other parts of the body to the brain. It is víthat's what the v's are calledíace sensory.
Once I knowñales enter the méspinal game, approxístill to the brain. Different types of sensations are sent by different vías, calls “extensions”. The extensions that carry pain and temperature sensations to the brain areán in the middle part of the méspinal game. These extensions are called “espinotalámicas”. Other extensions carry the feelingón of positionón and light touch. These nerve impulses are carried along the back of the méspinal game.
Vías nervous orórentals
Another type of special nerves are autonomic nerves.ónomos. self nervesónames are divided into two types: simple nervesátics and parasimpsáticos.
The auto nervous systemónome influences involuntary activities such as múheart sacón, and the gláundulas that release certain hormones. Control the cardiovascular system, digestive and respiratory.
These systems work in a general way “involuntary”. The functionómain n of the auto nervous systemónomo is to maintain a stable internal environment within the body. the heartón and the blood vesselsíneos are controlled by the autonomic nervous systemóname.
simple nervesátics help control blood pressureón arterial based on the requirements fíphysiques imposed on the body. Spaghettién help control heart rateíaca. simple nervesáticos, when they are stimulated, make the heartón lata más ráI ask.
simple nervesáticos
simple nervesáTicos cause among other things, you constrict itónumber of blood vesselsíneos all over the body. When this happens, the amount of blood returned to the heartón increases. These effects increaseáI didn't take itón arterial. Other effects include an increase in sweatingón and increased irritability or a feelingóno anxiety.
When there is an injuryón in the méspinal game, at or above level T6 the nerves simpáTicos under the injuryón are disconnected from the nerves above. These continueúan operating automaticallyática once the períear of spinal shock has ended.
Anything that stimulates the nerves simplyátics can cause them to become hyperactive. This excessive activity of the nerves simpátics is what is called autonomic dysreflexiaómica.
Parasimp nervesáticos
Parasimp nervesáticos actústill in a way opposite to simple nervesáticos. These nerves tend to dilate the blood vessels.íneos and to slow down the heartón. The nerve más important carrying parasimp fibersáticas is the vagus nerve. This nerve carries the señales parasimpátics to the heartón to decrease card frequencyíaca. Other nerves correspond to blood vessels.íneos of the óabdominal organs and skin.
Parasimp nervesáTicos arise from two áreas:
A). The fibers that innervate the óorgans of the abdomen, the heartón, the lungs and skin above the waist begin at the level of the brain and mévery high spinal cord.
B). The nerves that innervate the óreproductive organs, the pelvis and legs begin at the level of the sacrum, o at the bottom from méspinal game.
afterés of an injuryón of the méspinal game, parasimp nervesátics that begin in the brain continueústill working, even during the spinal shock phase. When dysreflexia occurs, parasimp nervesáTicos try to control ráask for the increase in pressureóarterial n by decreasing the heartón.
