Ọkpụkpụ azụ azụ

Ọrịa nke méọkpụkpụ azụ bụ ihe si na múọtụtụ na iche iche pathological usoroógicos. Trauma bụ ihe kpatara yaás común nke Nke aón nke méegwuregwu azụ azụ.

Dabere n'ụzọ gịéebu, ọrịa nke méakwara azụ nwere ike ịpụta site na mmebi moto na-agbanwe agbanwe, sensory ma ọ bụ ọrụón ụgbọ alaómica.

Ọ bụ nkaículo se centra en la anatomíka méegwuregwu azụ azụ. Nkọwa clínika báphysics nke ụkpụrụ nkịtị nke méọkpụkpụ azụ azụán metụtara akụkụ dị mkpa nke anatomiína ọkpụkpụ azụ.

Ihe méakwara azụ dị n'ime ọwa vertebral, gini buá kpụrụ site oghere nke 7 cervical vertebra, 12 torácicas, 5 lumbar, na 5 dị nsọ, nke na-emekọ ọnụ na kọlụm vertebral.

Ihe méakwara azụ na-agbatị site na nnukwu oghere ruo n'ọkwa nke mbụ na nke abụọ vélumbar vertebra (na ọmụmụ, ruo mgbe nke abụọ na nke atọ vélumbar vertebra).

Anatomía na akụkụ nke méegwuregwu azụ azụ

Ihe méỌkpụkpụ azụ bụ ihe ndị a mejupụtara 31 akụkụ:

• 8 akụkụ cervical (C)
• 12 tor ngalabaácyci ma ọ bụ azụ azụ (T)
• 5 akụkụ lumbar (L)
• 5 akụkụ sacral (S)
• 1 akụkụígeo (Co) – tumadi vestigial

Iri irighiri akwara bụ nke raíusoro ụjọ ụjọ, nke na-abanye na méakwara azụ na ọkwa ọ bụla, na raínkịta moto, nke na-apụta site na méike na ọkwa ọ bụla.

A na-akpọ irighiri akwara azụ ma gụọ ya dịka saịtị nke ọdịdị ha si dị.ón site na vertebral canal.

A C1- 7 akwara na-apụta n'elu vévertebra nke ọ bụla.

Na C8 ha na-ebute ụzọ n'etiti séihe vértebra cervical y torápusi.

Ụbụrụ ndị fọdụrụ na-apụ n'okpuru v haévertebra nke ọ bụla.

Ọnụnọ nke azụ azụ nke C1 – 4 dị na mpagharaón suboccipital.

C1 na-ekere òkè na innervationón nke múakwara olu, gụnyere isi nke múisi mgbagwoju narị afọ.

C2 na-ebute mmetụta ahụón azu isi na isi, ya na innervationón moto ruo ọtụtụ múakwara olu.

C3 – C5 na-enye aka na nhazi ahụón nke fr akwaraépụrụ iche na innervate na diaphragm.

Nke C5- T1 na-enye njikwa moto maka nsọtụ elu na múọtụtụ narị afọ metụtara.

Ihe méegwuregwu torácica nwere 12 ngalaba na-enye ohere njikwa moto nke thoracoabdominal musculature.

Akụkụ lumbar na sacral nke médula nwere 5 akụkụ nke ọ bụla.

Nke 2- S2 na-enye njikwa moto na nsọtụ ala na múọtụtụ narị afọ metụtara.

The conus medullaris bụ nkwụsịón n'ụdị cone nke méegwuregwu azụ azụ.

Na piamadre ha nwereúcaudally dị ka filum terminale a través site na akpa dural ma tinye n'ime coccyx.

Coccyx nwere sóya 1 akụkụ azụ azụ.

Nke ọdụ ụgbọ ịnyịnya (site na latín, horsetail) bụ mkpokọtaómbaíces nke akwara azụ azụ, ọkpụkpụ sacral na lumbar nke na-eme njem na-aga n'ihu tupu ha apụ na foramina intervertebral ha..

Ihe méakwara azụ na-akwụsị na ọkwa L1 vertebral – L2.

Raíventral na azụ azụ

Ahụ nke célula (ya bu ikwu, soma) Eastá na mpi ihu na ụzọ abụọéspinal nquima.

Ọkwa nke reflex center clínaanị mkpa bụ ndị na-esonụ (A na-egosipụta ọkwa nke ebe mgbagharị azụ azụ na nhaéechiche, ma buru n'uche mgbanwe anatómicas na innervationón):

• Bíebuka – C5 / 6
• Braquioradial – C5 / 6
• Tríebuka – C7 (C6- 8)
• mkpịsị aka mkpịsị aka – C8 (C7-T1)
• ikpere – L3 (L2- L4)
• Ụkwụ ụkwụ – S1 (L5- S2)
• RaíDorsal ndị a (mmetụta uche)

Ahụ cell nke irighiri akwara dị na ganglia nke raíazụ z.

ka raídorsal z nwere ntinye sitere na ụlọ niile dị na nkesaón nke akụkụ ahụ ya kwekọrọ.

Maapụ dermatom na-egosipụta nkesa nke mmetụta maka ọkwa ọ bụla. Maapụ ndị a dị iche iche dịka méniile eji na-ewu yaón.

Ihe gráficas dabeere na injectionón nke anesténdị egwu obodo na ngosión ra gangliaídorsal z nke otu band nke hypoalgesia na-aga n'ihuúogologo oge site na mpụta ruo na kọlụm vertebral.

Enwere maapụ ndị sitere na m ọzọéniile, dị ka nlebanyaón site na nkesaón nke herpes zoster ọnya ma ọ bụ ngalabaón chọrọúrgi si raíz, gosi ụkpụrụ kwụsịtụrụ.

Ịbanyeón site n'otu akụkụ dermatomal gaa na nke ọzọ na-agbakọta nke ukwuu, más aún maka aka karịa mgbu.

Ka dermatomes na-esi n'azụ tórax na afo, nke na-achọsi ike imi n'okpuru.

Dermatomas

Los dermatomas clínaanị ihe dị mkpa bụ ihe ndị a:

• C2 na C3 – Isi n'azụ na olu
• C4 na T2 – n'akụkụ ibeí n'elu tórax
• T4 ma ọ bụ T5 – onu ara
• T10 – eriri afọ
• elu nsọtụ – C5 (ubu ihu), C6 (isi mkpịsị aka), C7 (mkpịsị aka íindex na ọkara), C 7/8 (mkpịsị aka mgbanaka), C8 (mkpịsị aka mñi), T1 (aka n'ime), T2 (n'ime elu ogwe aka), T2 / 3 (ogwe aka)
• ala nsọtụ – L1 (ihu apata ụkwụ elu – ime), L2 (elu apata), L3 (ikpere), L4 (maléolo medial), L5 (azụ ụkwụ), L5 (mkpịsị ụkwụ nke 1-3), S1 (mkpịsị ụkwụ 4, 5; maléolo lateral)
• S3/C1 – Ọzọ

Oghere macroc ọtụtụóA na-ahụ pikes n'elu méegwuregwu azụ azụ. Ihe máIhe a na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè bụ mgbawa etiti etiti, gini buá ejiri ya na akwara azụ azụ azụ.

Oghere etiti dị n'azụ adịchaghị ama.. Mgbọrọgwụ akwara ihu na azụ na-apụta na anterolateral na posterolateral sulci..

Akụkụ mpụta nke méegwuregwu azụ azụ

Akụkụ mpụga nke méỌkpụkpụ azụ bụ ihe ọcha mejupụtara, ebe ime akụkụ bụ nke isi awọ.

Ihe ọcha gụnyere 3 funíiko: azu, mpụta y ihu. Nke ọ bụla nwere traktị ndị na-arịgo na ndị na-arịdata.

A na-akpọkarị gbatịa site na nchikotaón nke mmalite ya na ebe ọ na-aga; dị ka ọmụmaatụ, The corticospinal tract na-amalite na cerebral cortex na-agwụ na méegwuregwu azụ azụ.

Enwere ike kewaa ihe isi awọ n'ime 10 Ibé akwụkwọ / oyi akwa ma ọ bụ n'ime 4 akụkụ:

• mpi ihu ma ọ bụ ventral (ya bu ikwu, neurons moto; láegwu 8, IX, na akụkụ nke VII)
• N'azụ ma ọ bụ azụ (ya bu ikwu, akụkụ mmetụta; lámin I – VI)
• mpaghara etiti (ya bu ikwu, neurons metụtara; lánkem VII)
• mpi akụkụ (ya bu ikwu, akụkụ nke mpaghara etiti, dị na tor ngalabaácici na lumbar, ebee neurons ọmịikoátics).

Neuron nke ihe isi awọ nke méspinal cord kwaén na-ahazi na kọlụm ma ọ bụ núigodo.

Ihe mejupụtara gelatinous na núezigbo ihe mmetụta na-agbatị n'ime m duméọkpụkpụ azụ ma nweta mkpali mgbu.

Mba ndị ọzọ.úigodo, dị ka mba.úCleo Clarke, Eastán ugbua sóya n'akụkụ ụfọdụ.