ʻOku kamata ʻa e tuʻa pe tuʻa ʻi he coccyx pea fakaʻosi ʻaki ʻa e ʻulupoko, ko hono faʻu ʻo ha ʻiuniti pē ʻe taha, ko ha ʻōkani tuʻo taha pē mei ʻolunga. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni ko e taimi ʻoku tau ongoʻi taʻefiemālie aí, mamahi pe palopalema ʻi ha feituʻu ʻi hono tuʻá, ko e meʻa pau ke toe vakaiʻi fakalukufua ʻa e seti kotoa.
Ífakahokohoko fakamotuʻalea
Ngaahi fatongia ʻo e tuʻa
Ko e tefitoʻi poupou ia ʻa e sino ʻo e tangata mo e ʻulu, tokoni ke pukepuke ʻa e mamafa fakakatoa ʻo e filosiliva mo maluʻi ʻa e filosiliva. Ko e ngaahi hui ʻoku ne faʻu ʻa e tuʻa ko e vertebrae ia ʻoku ne liliu ʻa e tuʻa ki ha seti articulated..
ʻOku fakaʻata ʻe he tuʻa ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangata ke hoko ko e tuʻunga langa mo ha feituʻu mavahe (Tuʻu ki ʻolunga).
• Tauhi ke angatonu ʻa e sinoʻi ʻakau ʻo fakamalo ki he ngaahi uoua mo e ligaments pea stabilizes ʻa e sinoʻi ʻakau ʻoku ne tekeʻi ʻa e malohi ʻo e kalavite.
• Ko e ngaue ʻe taha ʻo e tuʻa ko e hoko fakataha ʻa e sino, fakamalo ki he vertebrae ʻoku ne faʻu ʻa e tuʻa pea ʻoku kau fakataha ʻo hange pe ʻoku nau gears.
• Ngaahi uoua, ʻa e diaphragm mo e ngakau ʻi he ngaahi ʻokani kehe, ʻoku fakamaʻu ia ki hono tuʻá.
• Maluʻi e filosiliva, ʻa ia ko ha foʻi neave pelepelengesi ʻaupito ʻe lava ke maumauʻi ʻe ha ngaue pe ngaʻunu fakafokifa.
Filosiliva
Ko e filosiliva (spinal) ʻoku fuʻu mahuʻinga he ko ha fakalōloa ia ʻo e ʻutó, ko ia ʻoku maluʻi ia ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e vertebrae ʻo e tuʻa.
Fakafuofuaʻi ha niʻihi 45 ʻu senitimita loloa pea ʻoku maluʻi ia ʻe he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ui ko e meninges mo e lolo cerebrospinal. Ko hono fakalahi ʻoku mei he ʻuto, hasta la primera vértebra lumbar y desde ahí se “abre” formada la comúnmente denominada “cola de caballo”.
ʻOku faʻu ʻaki ia ha ngaahi neave ʻe laui miliona, ʻa ia ʻokú ne fatongia ʻaki hono ʻoatu ʻo e fakamatalá ʻi he sinó pea mei he ʻutó.
Faʻunga ʻo e kōlomú
ʻOku faʻu ʻe he tuʻa ʻo e vertebrae pea ʻi hona vahaʻa takitaha ʻoku ʻi ai ha Tisi, ʻa ia ʻoku ui ko e intervertebral Tisi, fakaʻata ʻa e kolomu ke fefonongaʻaki mo feliliuaki. ʻOku kehe ʻa e vertebrae, ʻo fakatatau mo e feituʻu ʻoku nau ʻi ai ʻi he kōlomú: Fakamāloó, thoracic mo e lumbar.
Kapau te tau vakai ki he kōlomu he tafaʻakí, ʻoku ʻiloʻi ha faʻahinga curves fakanatula ʻe ua ʻoku ui ko e lordosis mo e kyphosis. ʻOku maʻu ʻe he fotunga ʻo e kyphosis ʻi he sipoti skeleton ʻa e ngaue ki hono maluʻi ʻo ha ʻokani, ka ko e folahi ʻi he fotunga ʻo e lordosis, ʻoku faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ia ʻe he kōlomú ke feʻaveʻaki holo.
Fakamalo ki he tuʻa pe lumbar ʻi lalo, ngaʻunu ʻa e ngaahi faingataʻa ʻoku māʻulalo angé (ongo vaʻé) mo kinautolu ʻoku maʻolunga ange (ongo nimá), ʻoku tauʻatāina kakato.
Ngaahi feituʻu kehekehe vertebral
Hange ko ia ʻoku ʻi he curves kehekehe ʻoku ʻoatu ʻi ʻolunga, kapau te tau sio ki he kolomu ʻi hono tafaʻaki, te tau lava ʻo fakafaikehekeheʻi ha tafaʻaki kehekehe ʻe tolu ʻo e kolomu:
• Vahefonua Maioá. ʻOku tuʻu ia ʻi he feituʻu ʻi ʻolungá, mo e mapelu sinifu ʻi he fotunga ʻo e lordosis, toe ui foki ko e cervical lordosis pea mo 7 vertebrae naʻe ui ko e C-1 ki he F-7.
• Vahefonua Dorsal. Ko e feituʻu lotoloto ia ʻo e tafaʻaki ki mui pea ko hono convex curvature ʻoku kyphosis pe dorsal kyphosis. ʻOku faʻu ʻaki ia ʻa e 12 vertebrae naʻe ui ko e T-1 ki he T-12. ʻOku ui kinautolu ʻe ha kau mataotao ʻe niʻihi ko e T-1 ki he T-12.
• Feituʻu Lumbar. Ko e tafaʻaki ki lalo mo e fotunga ʻo e Pikoʻanga concave ko e lordosis pe lumbar lordosis. ʻOku faʻu ʻaki ia ʻa e 5 vertebrae naʻe fakahingoa mei he L-1 ki he L-5.
ʻOku faʻu ʻe he ngaahi feituʻu ko ʻeni ha vertebrae telefoni toʻotoʻo pea ko ha fakakatoa ia ʻo e 24.
ʻOku ʻi ai mo ha toe souni ʻe ua ʻi he feituʻu maʻulalo taha ʻo e kolomu, ʻa ia ʻoku fakatahaʻi hono tuʻá pea ko ia ai ʻoku ʻikai ke ne toe lava ʻo ngāue:
• Feituʻu toputapu. ʻOku ʻi ai 5 vertebrae naʻe ui ko e S-1 ki he S-5.
• Coccygeal Zone. ʻOku ʻi ai 4 vertebrae naʻe ui ko e Cx-1 ki he Cx-5.