Microcephaly ndi chitukuko cha matenda a chigaza ndi ubongo limodzi ndi kufooka m'maganizo ndi minyewa..
Chigazacho ndi chaching'ono modabwitsa, limodzi ndi kulemera kochepa komanso kuchepa kwa ubongo. Pamenepa, matupi awo ndi abwino mwamtheradi.
Amadziwika ndi kutseka koyambirira kwa ma cranial sutures ndi kutseka kwa fontanelle, convulsive syndrome, kuchedwa kwa magalimoto, vuto laluntha, kusakula kapena kusalankhula.
Microcephaly imachitika molingana pakati pa anyamata ndi atsikana. Ndi pafupipafupi 1 mlandu kwa aliyense 10.000 ana.
Apa tifotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, matenda, mankhwala ambiri a microcephaly ndi kupewa kwawo.
Mlozera
Zifukwa za microcephaly
Matendawa amatha kukhala ndi ma genetic, chifukwa Kusintha kwamtundu wa WDR62. Zotsatira zake, chitukuko cha puloteni yeniyeni chimaphwanyidwa, microcephalin.
Vutoli likhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zingapo: chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi zinthu zovulaza pakukula koyambirira kwa mwana wosabadwayo komanso kuwonongeka kwa ubongo m'magawo omaliza a chitukuko cha intrauterine., komanso pobereka komanso m'miyezi yoyamba ya moyo wa mwanayo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zingadziwike ndizo:
- Ma virus ndi matenda opatsirana a amayi monga Zika kapena toxoplasmosis
- Matenda a intrauterine (chikuku, mphuno, herpes, rubella, cytomegalovirus, ndi zina.)
- Kulephera kwa endocrine system mwa amayi apakati (matenda a shuga, hyperthyroidism)
- Kuwonetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki
- Matenda a chibadwa
- Zotsatira za radiation ndi ecology yoyipa
- Monga chigawo chimodzi cha matenda ambiri anatengera (Payne syndrome, Giacomini syndrome)
- Matenda a metabolic
- Kuvulala kwa intracranial
- Matenda a chromosomal: Matenda a Down, Patau syndrome, Edwards syndrome, síndrome “grito de gato”
Nthawi zina, microcephaly ili ndi zifukwa zomwe nthawi zina sizingadziwike, kumaonekera mwa ana a makolo athanzi.
Zizindikiro
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha microcephaly ndi mutu waung'ono, osagwirizana ndi thupi la mwanayo. Chipumi chopindika chimawonedwanso, makutu otuluka ndi ziboda.
Ana akamakula ndi matendawa, makamaka kuyambira chaka choyamba, Zizindikiro za microcephaly ndizovuta kuzinyalanyaza. Ena ambiri mawonetseredwe a matenda:
- Fontanel yaying'ono kapena yotsekedwa kwathunthu
- Kaya fontanel inatsegulidwa panthawi yobadwa, imatseka msanga, mwezi umodzi pambuyo pobereka
- Kutsika kwa minofu
- Kulemera ndi kutalika kwa mwanayo pansi pa chikhalidwe (enanismo)
- Kupanda kugwirizana
- Kukomoka ndi kutaya chidziwitso (Osati muzochitika zonse)
- Kutsinzina
- Chilankhulo chomveka palibe
- Kusakhalapo kwa zopindika ndi ma groove apamwamba, mu kapangidwe ka ubongo
- Kuchepa kwakukulu kwachitukuko. Ana amaphunzira mochedwa kugwira mitu, tembenuka, Khalani pansi, kukwawa ndi kuyenda.
- Kuperewera kwa nzeru
Matenda
Kuzindikira kwa microcephaly kumatha kupangidwa asanabadwe kapena atabadwa. Pa mimba maphunziro ultrasound ikuchitika, kuyerekeza magawo biometric mu mwana wosabadwayo.
Ultrasound imatha kuzindikira zovuta zazing'ono ndi kukula kwa ubongo wa mwanayo. Tsoka ilo, matendawa amatha kuchitika mkati mwa sabata 27 ndi 30 mimba ndi sensitivity ya 67%.
Ndi chifukwa chake, ngati pali kukayikira kwa microcephaly, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa majini kapena chromosomal, Njira zodziwira za ultrasound ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi matenda ena obwera asanabadwe Chani: cordocentesis, amniocentesis, Chorionic villus sampling ndi fetal karyotype.
Ngati pali kukayikirana kapena mbiri ya banja la microcephaly, mbiri yachipatala iyenera kutengedwa pamodzi ndi kuwunika kwathunthu kwa makolo. Kumene mudzakhala ndi mayeso a majini, CT scan ndi MRI ya mutu.
Pambuyo pa kubadwa, matenda a microcephaly amatsimikiziridwa mwa kuyang'ana maso a wakhanda.
Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwake komanso momwe mungadziwire zachilendo, zida monga: ecoencefalogram, electroencephalogram, maginito resonance, CT scan ndi x-ray ya chigaza.
Odwala omwe ali ndi microcephaly, malingana ndi khalidwe, akhoza kugawidwa mu 2 magulu: Odwala m'gulu loyamba amakangana, mafoni kwambiri. Odwala mu gulu lachiwiri, Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, sachita chidwi, matabwa, osakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe.
Chithandizo cha Microcephaly
Ndi microcephaly, waukulu mankhwala umalimbana symptomatic thandizo la odwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pafupipafupi kumathandizira kagayidwe kachakudya mu minofu yaubongo, popereka vitamini complexes, anticonvulsants ndi sedatives.
Kukonzanso kwa ana omwe ali ndi microcephaly kumaphatikizapo chithandizo chamankhwala, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi physiotherapy. The mankhwala umalimbana thupi-luntha chitukuko cha mwana ndi zotheka chikhalidwe anatengera.
Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ophunzitsira apadera kuti alimbikitse njira yachibadwa ya kagayidwe kachakudya muubongo..
Odwala omwe ali ndi microcephaly ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala wa ana ndi ana.
Nthawi yomweyo, makolo a mwanayo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonzanso zinthu. Microcephaly imafuna chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chitukuko (masewera kukumbukira, chidwi, kukondoweza kwamalingaliro, ndi zina.
Njira zopewera
Kupewa kwa Microcephaly kumaphatikizapo kukonzekera mosamala mimba. Mayeso odziletsa monga mbiri ya TORCH ayenera kuchitidwa, CRP ndi chitetezo cha mwana wosabadwayo.
Pankhani ya msanga intrauterine kuzindikira microcephaly, m`pofunika kusankha kuthekera kwa yokumba kuchotsa mimba.
Kuwunika kuopsa kwa microcephaly mu mimba yotsatira m'mabanja omwe ali ndi mbiri ya vutoli, uphungu wa chibadwa chamankhwala uyenera kuchitidwa.
mapeto
Microcephaly ndi vuto limene mwana amabadwa ndi mutu waung'ono kapena mutu umasiya kukula pambuyo pa kubadwa. Ndi chikhalidwe chosowa, kwa mwana zikwi zingapo ana anabadwa ndi microcephaly.
Njira yodziwira microcephaly mwa mwana ndikuyesa kuzungulira kwa mutu wawo 24 patatha maola angapo atabadwa ndikuyerekeza zotsatira zake ndi zizindikiro za WHO pakukula kwa mwana.
Ana obadwa ndi microcephaly, pamene akukula, akhoza kukhala ndi khunyu, komanso kulumala kwakuthupi ndi kuphunzira.
Palibe chithandizo chapadera cha microcephaly.