Zogwirizana za msana kulola mgwirizano pakati pa matupi a vertebrae oyandikana nawo ndi ziwalo pakati pa ma vertebral arches oyandikana nawo..
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ziwalo za m'khosi zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri chifukwa zimakhala zosiyana ndi ziwalo zina.: atlantooccipitals ndi atlantoaxial omwe ali pamwamba pa khomo lachiberekero.
Malumikizidwe awa ali pakati pa vertebrae ziwiri zoyambirira za khomo lachiberekero ndi chigaza., kulola kusuntha kwakukulu kuposa msana wonsewo.
Vertebrae amalankhulanso ndi nthiti ndi mafupa a m'chiuno.
Mlozera
Magulu a Atlantooccipital: Lowani mutu ndi ma atla
Ndi ma synovial joints omwe ali pakati pa occipital condyles ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri a lateral mass of the atlas..
Tili ndi ziwalo ziwiri za atlantooccipital, zomwe zimaloleza kukhala pansi ndi mutu (kuyenda mmwamba ndi pansi).
Iwo amagwiridwa ndi anterior ndi posterior atlantooccipital nembanemba., zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kusuntha kwambiri kwa mafupa.
Atlantoaxial joints: Lowani nawo ma atlas ndi axis
Malumikizidwe atatu a atlantiaxial nawonso ndi ma synovial joints..
Limodzi liri pakati pa dzino (ndondomeko ya odontoid) wa axis (yachiwiri khomo lachiberekero vertebra) ndi khonde lakutsogolo la ma atlasi (woyamba chiberekero vertebra), ndipo zina ziwiri zili pakati pa minyewa yam'mbuyo ya vertebra yoyamba ya khomo lachiberekero ndi zigawo zapamwamba za vertebra yachiwiri ya khomo lachiberekero..
anayi otsatira mitsempha khazikitsani mfundo izi:
- apical ligament: kulumikiza dzino (ndondomeko ya odontoid) kumtunda kwa foramen magnum wa fupa la occipital
- alar ligaments: kulumikiza dzino (ndondomeko ya odontoid) mpaka m'mphepete mwa foramen magnum
- Mtanda kapena cruciform ligament: kuzungulira dzino (ndondomeko ya odontoid) mpaka kutsogolo kwa atlas ndi thupi la shaft kupita ku foramen magnum ya fupa la occipital
- Kuphimba nembanemba: Zimayambira mu chigaza ndikukhala posterior longitudinal ligament
Matenda a intervertebral: Amamanga minyewa ina pamodzi.
Ndiwo omwe amalumikiza vertebrae yoyandikana nayo, kuphatikiza ma synovial olowa, ngati cartilaginous.
Synovial Intervertebral Joints: Amagona pakati pa zigawo zapamwamba ndi zotsika za ma vertebral arches oyandikana nawo., ndipo amathandizidwa ndi mitsempha yotsatirayi:
- The interspinous ligament imapitirira pakati pa njira za spinous.
- The supraspinatus ligament imagwirizanitsa nsonga za njira za spinous ndikupanga nuchal ligament yolimba yomwe imadutsa kumbuyo kwa msana wa khomo lachiberekero..
- intertransverse ligaments gwirizanitsani njira zodutsana zoyandikana, ndipo ligamentum flavum imagwirizanitsa laminae ya vertebrae yoyandikana nayo.
mafupa a cartilaginous intervertebral: Ndi ziwalo za fibrocartilaginous zomwe zimapanga pakati pa matupi oyandikana nawo omwe ali ndi ma fibrocartilaginous intervertebral discs omwe ali pakati pa matupi..
Chimbale chilichonse chimapangidwa ndi gelatinous mass, nyukiliya pulposus, yomwe imazunguliridwa ndi annulus fibrosus (zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zigawo zolimba za fibrous)
Mitsempha yam'mbuyo ndi yapambuyo yotalikirapo imayendera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa matupi a vertebral kuchokera ku chigaza kupita ku sacrum.. Izi zimathandiza kukhazikika kwa msana.
Zolumikizana za Sacrum
Sacrum imalumikizana ndi mafupa a m'chiuno kuti apange mafupa a sacroiliac.. Malo apamwamba a sacrum ali ndi mbali ziwiri zapamwamba zomwe zimagwirizana ndi njira zotsika kwambiri zachisanu chachisanu cha lumbar vertebra..
Zimapangidwa pakati pa coccyx ndi sacrum. Ili ndi intervertebral disc ndipo imakhazikika ndi mitsempha ya sacrococcygeal.
