Microcephaly

Microcephaly shine ilimin ci gaba na kwanyar kai da kwakwalwa tare da jinkirin tunani da rashin daidaituwa na jijiyoyi..

Kwanyar kwanyar ba ta da yawa, tare da ƙananan nauyi da rashin haɓakar kwakwalwa. A wannan yanayin, rabbai jiki gaba daya al'ada ne.

Yana da alaƙa da farkon rufewa na cranial sutures da kuma rufe fontanelle, ciwo mai raɗaɗi, jinkirta ci gaban mota, nakasu na hankali, rashin ci gaba ko rashin magana.

Microcephaly yana faruwa daidai gwargwado tsakanin yara maza da mata. Tare da mitar 1 harka ga kowane 10.000 yara.

Anan zamuyi bayanin dalilan, alamomin, ganewar asali, mafi yawan jiyya na microcephaly da rigakafin su.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da microcephaly

Wannan Pathology na iya samun asalin kwayoyin halitta, haifar da maye gurbin WDR62. A sakamakon haka, an keta ci gaban wani takamaiman furotin, microcephalin.

Ana iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa ta hanyoyi da yawa: Sakamakon bayyanar cututtuka masu cutarwa a farkon haɓakar tayin da kuma saboda lalacewar kwakwalwa a cikin matakai na ƙarshe na ci gaban intrauterine., da kuma a cikin tsarin haihuwa da kuma a farkon watanni na rayuwar jariri.

Mafi yawan abubuwan da ake iya ganowa sune:

• Barasa da miyagun ƙwayoyi maye a farkon ciki
• Kwayoyin cuta da cututtuka na uwa kamar Zika ko toxoplasmosis
• Intrauterine cututtuka (kyanda, mumps, herpes, rubella, cytomegalovirus, da dai sauransu.)
• Endocrine tsarin gazawar a cikin mata masu juna biyu (ciwon sukari, hyperthyroidism)
• Fitar da maganin rigakafi
• Cututtukan kwayoyin halitta
• Tasirin radiation da muggan halittu
• A matsayin bangaren cututtukan da aka gada da dama (Payne ciwo, Giacomini ciwo)
• Cututtukan narkewa
• Raunin haihuwa na ciki
• Halin chromosomal: Ciwon kasa, Patau ciwo, Edwards ciwo, síndrome “grito de gato”

A wasu lokuta, microcephaly yana da abubuwan da wasu lokuta ba za a iya tantance su ba, ya bayyana a cikin 'ya'yan iyaye masu lafiya.

Alamun

Babban bayyanar cututtuka na microcephaly shine ƙananan kai, rashin daidaituwa idan aka kwatanta da jikin jariri. Ana kuma duban goshin da ya kaure, kunnuwa masu fitowa da duwawunsu.

Yayin da yara suka girma da wannan cutar, musamman tun daga farkon shekara, Alamomin microcephaly suna da wuya a yi watsi da su. Wasu bayyanar cututtuka gaba ɗaya na wannan cuta sune:

• Dawafin kai ƙarami fiye da na al'ada
• Ƙananan ko gaba ɗaya rufaffiyar fontanel
• Ko an bude fontanel a lokacin haihuwa, yana rufewa da sauri, wata daya bayan haihuwa
• Ƙananan sautin tsoka
• Nauyi da tsayin yaron a ƙarƙashin al'ada (enanismo)
• Rashin daidaituwa
• Kamewa da asarar hayyacinsu (Ba a kowane hali ba)
• Squint
• Harshen fayyace ba ya nan
• Rashin karkacewa da tsagi na manyan makarantu, a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa
• Gabaɗaya raguwa a cikin ci gaba. Yara kan koyi a makare don rike kawunansu, juyowa, zauna, ja jiki da tafiya.
• Rashin hankali

Bincike

Ana iya yin ganewar asali na microcephaly kafin haihuwa ko bayan haihuwa. A lokacin daukar ciki ana yin nazarin duban dan tayi, don kwatanta sigogin biometric a cikin tayin.

Duban dan tayi na iya gano ƙananan rashin daidaituwa da girman kwakwalwar yaron. Abin takaici ana iya yin wannan ganewar asali a cikin mako 27 kuma 30 na ciki tare da hankali na 67%.

Saboda haka ne, idan akwai tuhuma na microcephaly, wanda ke da alaƙa da rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta ko chromosomal, Hanyoyin gano duban dan tayi yakamata a cika su tare da wasu cututtuka masu cutarwa a cikin mahaifa Menene: cordocentesis, amniocentesis, samfurin chorionic villus da karyotype tayi.

Idan akwai tuhuma ko tarihin iyali na microcephaly, ya kamata a dauki tarihin likita tare da cikakken kimantawar iyaye. Inda za ku yi gwajin kwayoyin halitta, CT scan da MRI na kai.

Bayan haihuwa, An tabbatar da ganewar asali na microcephaly ta hanyar dubawa na gani na jarirai.

Don ƙayyade girman da tsinkayen rashin daidaituwa, kayan aiki kamar: ecoencefalograma, electroencephalogram, maganadisu rawa, CT scan da x-ray gwajin kwanyar.

Marasa lafiya tare da microcephaly, dangane da hali, za a iya raba kashi 2 ƙungiyoyi: Marasa lafiya a rukuni na farko suna fusata, sosai mobile. Marasa lafiya a rukuni na biyu, Akasin haka, ba su damu ba, alluna, rashin kula da muhalli.

Maganin Microcephaly

Tare da microcephaly, Babban magani yana nufin taimakon alamun bayyanar cututtuka na marasa lafiya. Yin amfani da magani na yau da kullum yana inganta tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin kwakwalwa, ta hanyar gudanar da hadaddun bitamin, anticonvulsants da magani mai kantad da hankali.

Gyaran yara tare da microcephaly ya haɗa da aikin aikin tiyata, massages da physiotherapy. Maganin yana nufin haɓakar jiki-hankali na yaro da yiwuwar daidaitawar zamantakewa.

Ana amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin a cikin cibiyoyin horarwa na musamman don tada tsarin al'ada na tsarin rayuwa a cikin kwakwalwa..

Marasa lafiya da ke da microcephaly ya kamata a kula da su ta likitan jijiyoyin yara da likitan yara.

A lokaci guda, Iyayen yaron suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gyarawa. Microcephaly yana buƙatar magani da farfadowa na ci gaba (motsa jiki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, hankali, kuzarin hankali, da dai sauransu.

Hanyoyin rigakafi

Rigakafin Microcephaly ya ƙunshi tsara shirin ciki a hankali. Ya kamata a yi gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi kamar bayanin martabar TORCH, CRP da kariyar tayi.

A cikin yanayin gano farkon intrauterine na microcephaly, wajibi ne a yanke shawarar yiwuwar dakatarwar wucin gadi na ciki.

Don tantance yuwuwar haɗarin microcephaly a cikin masu ciki na gaba a cikin iyalai tare da tarihin wannan yanayin, ya kamata a gudanar da shawarwarin likitancin kwayoyin halitta.

ƙarshe

Microcephaly wani yanayi ne da aka haifi yaro da karamin kai ko kuma kai ya daina girma bayan haihuwa. Yana da wani yanayi da ba kasafai ba, ga yaro na dubban yara da yawa ana haifa tare da microcephaly.

Hanyar sanin microcephaly a cikin yaro shine auna kewaye da kai 24 sa'o'i bayan haihuwa kuma kwatanta sakamakon da ma'auni na WHO don ci gaban yara.

Yaran da aka haifa tare da microcephaly, yayin da suke girma, na iya samun kamewa, da kuma nakasar jiki da nakasar koyon karatu.

Babu magani na musamman don microcephaly.